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A Decade of Decline

Since 2015, Nigeria has been governed by the APC. The naira has collapsed, inflation has surged, and poverty has deepened. This is not opinion — it is data. Every chart on this page tells the same story.

₦150 → ₦1,500

Exchange Rate

2010 vs 2026

33%

Peak Inflation

2024 annual rate

62%

Poverty Rate

Multidimensional (2022)

01

Who Holds Power

A timeline of Nigerian administrations and some key events that defined them.

PDP

Goodluck Ebele Jonathan

VP: Namadi Sambo

2010 - 2015

  • Assumed office after Yar'Adua's death (May 2010)
  • Independence Day bombing in Abuja (Oct 2010)
  • Post-election violence kills ~800 (April 2011)
  • Partial fuel subsidy removal sparks Occupy Nigeria protests (Jan 2012)
  • Boko Haram insurgency escalates — state of emergency in 3 NE states (2013)
  • Nigeria rebased as Africa's largest economy (April 2014)
  • Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping — 276 taken (April 2014)
  • #BringBackOurGirls global movement
  • Successful Ebola outbreak containment (2014)
  • Power sector privatisation — PHCN broken into 15 firms
  • Lost election to Buhari — first democratic transfer to opposition (2015)
APC takes power
APC

Muhammadu Buhari

VP: Yemi Osinbajo

2015 - 2023

  • Declared Boko Haram 'technically defeated' (Dec 2015)
  • Economy enters recession — GDP contracts (2016)
  • Naira devalued and floated for the first time (June 2016)
  • Extended medical leave in London — VP Osinbajo acts as president (2017)
  • Anti-corruption drive: 603 convictions by EFCC by 2018
  • Farmer-herder clashes kill thousands in Middle Belt (2017-2018)
  • Finance Minister Kemi Adeosun resigns over NYSC certificate scandal (Sept 2018)
  • Banditry surges in northwest — Zamfara, Katsina, Kaduna
  • COVID-19 pandemic — economy enters second recession (-3.62% Q3 2020)
  • #EndSARS protests and Lekki toll gate shooting (Oct 2020)
  • Twitter banned for 7 months (June 2021 - Jan 2022)
  • Boko Haram leader Shekau killed (May 2021)
  • Mass school kidnappings escalate — Kaduna, Niger, Zamfara (2021)
  • Owo church massacre — 40+ killed (June 2022)
  • Kuje prison break — inmates freed by insurgents (July 2022)
  • Kaduna-Abuja train kidnapping (March 2022)
  • Naira redesign cash crisis (2022-2023)
  • Lekki Deep Sea Port commissioned (Jan 2023)
APC

Bola Ahmed Tinubu

VP: Kashim Shettima

2023 - Present

  • Fuel subsidy removed on inauguration day — 'Subsidy is gone' (May 2023)
  • Naira floated again — crashes from ₦460 to ₦750+ overnight (June 2023)
  • Supreme Court upholds contested election result (Oct 2023)
  • Petrol prices surge from ₦65 to ₦537-617 per litre (2023)
  • Naira hits all-time low of ₦1,717/USD (Nov 2024)
  • NBS reveals 2.2 million kidnappings in 12 months (Dec 2024)
  • Cost of living crisis — nationwide #EndBadGovernance protests (Aug 2024)
  • National anthem changed back to 1960 version (May 2024)
  • 9,662 killed in conflict in 2024 — worst year on record (ACLED)
  • St. Mary's school kidnapping — 303 children taken (Nov 2025)
  • 6,800 killed and 5,400 kidnapped in H1 2025 alone
  • Coup plot uncovered — 16 military officers arrested (Sept 2025)
  • U.S. military strikes ISIS in NW Nigeria at Tinubu's request (Dec 2025)
  • Jos Palm Sunday massacre — 28+ killed (Mar 2026)
  • ₦68.3T budget approved for 2026 — largest in history
02

The Naira's Freefall

From ₦150 to over ₦1,500 per dollar. The Nigerian naira has lost more than 90% of its value since 2015.

₦1,378.7 / $1

Current CBN official rate (April 2026) [1]

03

The Cost of Survival

Inflation has spiralled while fuel prices have increased twentyfold. Nigerians pay more for everything.

₦65 → ₦1,330 per litre

Petrol price — 2010 vs March 2026 [1]

04

Borrowing Into Oblivion

Nigeria's debt has nearly quadrupled under APC while the budget has ballooned fifteenfold.

$108.8B

External debt stock (2024) [1]

₦68.3T

2026 budget appropriation [1]

The budget grew 15x from ₦4.6T (2010) to ₦68.3T (2026) while poverty doubled. More spending has not meant more development — it has meant more debt.

External Debt (USD)

Budget Appropriation (NGN)

05

A Nation Impoverished

Poverty has deepened across every measure while government spending has exploded.

Multidimensional Poverty (2022)

0 million

Nigerians are multidimensionally poor

NBS Multidimensional Poverty Index (2022) — measures deprivation across health, education, and living standards [1]

40%

National poverty rate (2019) [1]

56%

National poverty rate (2023) [1]

62%

Projected poverty rate (2026) [1]

National Poverty Line — % of Population

Source: World Bank estimates and projections. 2025-2027 are forward projections.

"Food inflation is the single biggest driver of poverty in Nigeria — staple food prices consumed by the poor rose fivefold between 2020 and 2024 (World Bank)."

[2]

The Paradox

Budget grew from ₦4.61T to ₦68.3T while poverty doubled

Federal budget appropriation (nominal, not inflation-adjusted). [3]

06

Blood on the Ground

Conflict fatalities and kidnappings tracked from credible sources.

2024

0 killed

Conflict deaths (ACLED) [1]

2024

0 kidnapped

Abducted in 12 months [2]

2025 (H1)

0 killed

In just 6 months [3]

₦2.23 trillion paid in ransoms in a single year

NBS Crime Survey (May 2023 – Apr 2024). Kidnapping has become a multi-billion naira industry. [4]

Killings and Kidnappings (2023 - 2025)

* 2025 data covers first half only (January - June)

Sources: ACLED, NHRC, TheCable, Sahara Reporters, OCCRP

Timeline of Conflict (2010 - 2026)

Key security events documented from credible sources across every year.

2010
  • Jos ethno-religious clashes (~1,000 killed)

Pre-Boko Haram peak. Jos crisis and sectarian violence.

2011
  • Post-election violence (~800 killed)
  • Boko Haram UN HQ bombing, Abuja

Post-election violence ~800 killed. Boko Haram bombed UN HQ Abuja (Aug).

2012
  • Boko Haram church bombings
  • Kano attacks (Jan, ~185 killed)

Boko Haram intensified attacks in northeast. ~1,200+ killed (HRW estimate).

2013
  • State of emergency in 3 NE states
  • Significant military operations

State of emergency declared in Borno, Yobe, Adamawa.

2014
  • Chibok kidnapping (276 schoolgirls, April)
  • #BringBackOurGirls movement
  • Gwoza caliphate declaration

Deadliest year — Boko Haram killed ~6,000+. ACLED estimated ~10,800 total conflict fatalities.

2015
  • Baga massacre (Jan, ~2,000 killed)
  • Military offensive recaptures NE territory

Baga massacre (~2,000 killed, Jan). Military recaptured territory.

2016
  • Niger Delta Avengers attacks
  • Farmer-herder violence escalation

Boko Haram weakened but active. Niger Delta Avengers pipeline attacks.

2017
  • Middle Belt farmer-herder clashes (~2,000+ killed)

Farmer-herder violence intensified in Middle Belt. ~2,000+ killed.

2018
  • Plateau State massacres
  • Zamfara banditry emergence

Farmer-herder violence surpassed Boko Haram fatalities. ~2,000+ killed in Middle Belt.

2019
  • Northwest banditry escalation
  • ISWAP resurgence in NE

Banditry surged in northwest (Zamfara, Katsina, Kaduna). ISWAP gained strength.

2020
  • #EndSARS protests and Lekki toll gate shooting (Oct 20)
  • Multiple jailbreaks
  • COVID-19 compounded insecurity

#EndSARS protests (Oct) — Lekki tollgate shooting.

2021
  • School kidnappings in Kaduna, Niger, Zamfara
  • Shekau killed (May)
  • Imo state attacks on police/INEC

Mass school kidnappings escalated. Boko Haram leader Shekau killed.

2022
  • Owo church attack (June, 40+ killed)
  • Kuje prison break (July)
  • Kaduna-Abuja train kidnapping (March)

Owo church attack. Kuje prison break. Kaduna-Abuja train kidnapping.

2023 3,841 killed · 4,243 kidnapped
  • Tinubu takes office amid worsening insecurity
  • Banditry intensifies in NW
  • ISWAP attacks in NE

TheCable/CFR analysis: 3,841 killed by non-state actors, 4,243 kidnapped. Average 11 killed and 12 kidnapped daily. Northern region: 83.8% of killings.

2024 9,662 killed · 7,568 kidnapped
  • 9,662 conflict deaths — 86% in northern regions
  • NBS reveals 2.2 million kidnap incidents in 12 months
  • ₦2.23 trillion paid in ransoms
  • Kaduna, Benue, Katsina, Plateau, Borno worst affected

ACLED: 9,662 killed in violent incidents. NBS/OCCRP: 7,568 kidnapped (Jul 2023–Jun 2024). Borno (2,143 killed), Zamfara (1,347), Katsina (1,306), Kaduna (813) worst-hit states. Q1 alone: 2,336 killed (26 per day). NBS survey found 2.2 million abduction incidents and ₦2.23 trillion in ransoms paid (May 2023–Apr 2024).

2025 6,800 killed · 5,402 kidnapped
  • 6,800 killed in H1 alone — on pace to exceed 2024
  • 5,402 kidnapped in first 6 months
  • St. Mary's Catholic School: 303 children kidnapped (Nov)
  • Kebbi school attack: 25 schoolgirls kidnapped, vice-principal killed (Nov)
  • Kwara church attack: 38 worshippers abducted (Nov)
  • Zamfara: 1,088 killed, 1,755 abducted in H1

Sahara Reporters/Intersociety: 6,800 killed and 5,402 kidnapped in first 6 months (H1 2025). Zamfara worst hit: 1,088 deaths, 1,755 abducted. Q1 alone: 1,420 killed, 537 kidnapped. NHRC April 2025: 570 killings, 278 kidnappings in single month. Nov 2025: 402+ kidnapped across 4 states including 303 schoolchildren from St. Mary's Catholic School.

2026
  • Jos Palm Sunday massacre: 28+ killed in Angwan Rukuba by gunmen on motorcycles (Mar 29)
  • 162 killed in Woro and Nuku village executions, Kwara (Feb 3)
  • 176 women and children abducted by Boko Haram (Feb 14)
  • 163 Christians kidnapped from 2 churches in Kaduna (Jan 18)
  • Zamfara Air Force airstrike kills 20 villagers (Jan)
  • Plateau: killings in Zurak and Sabon Gari, Wase LGA (Feb)
  • Oro-Ago: vigilante commander killed, NSCDC office attacked (Mar 25)
  • 48-hour curfew imposed on Jos North after Palm Sunday attack

Ongoing violence. Jan: 163 Christians abducted in Kaduna. Feb: 162 killed in Kwara, 176 women/children abducted by Boko Haram. Mar: Palm Sunday massacre in Jos (28+ killed). Plateau killings in Wase LGA.

Conflict data sourced from ACLED, the National Human Rights Commission, NBS, TheCable, Sahara Reporters, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and credible media reports. Numbers may vary between sources due to different methodologies and underreporting.

07

The Stagnation of Integrity

Nigeria's corruption score has barely moved in 15 years.

CPI Rank (2025)

142th

of 182 countries

[1]

WGI Control of Corruption

-1.13

Average score (scale: -2.5 to 2.5)

Consistently negative since 2010 [2]

Corruption Perceptions Index (2010 - 2025)

Score 0-100 (higher = less corrupt). Dashed line: global average (43). Dotted line: Sub-Saharan Africa average (33).

Nigeria scores below the Sub-Saharan African average

Nigeria's CPI score has remained in the 24-28 range since 2012, well below the global average of 43 and Sub-Saharan African average of 33. Nigeria shares its ranking tier with countries like Uganda, Mexico, and Iraq.

CPI Score History

YearScoreRank
201024134
201124143
201227139
201325144
201427136
201526136
201628136
201727148
201827144
201926146
202025149
202124154
202224150
202325145
202426140
202526142
08

A Country in Crisis

Violence is not contained to one region — it spans the entire country, from banditry in the northwest to separatist violence in the southeast.

North West North East North Central South East South South South West

By Region

North West

Epicentre of banditry & kidnapping

Zamfara: 1,088 killed, 1,755 abducted (H1 2025)

North East

Boko Haram / ISWAP stronghold

Borno: 2,143 killed in 2024 (ACLED)

North Central

Farmer-herder clashes

Jos Palm Sunday massacre: 28+ killed (Mar 2026)

South East

IPOB / ESN separatist violence

Attacks on police, INEC, infrastructure

South South

Oil theft & pipeline vandalism

Niger Delta militancy legacy

South West

Relatively lower conflict

But rising urban crime and kidnapping

09

Sources & Methodology

Every data point on this site is traceable to a credible source.

Methodology

All data presented on this site is sourced from credible international institutions (World Bank, IMF, Transparency International, ACLED), Nigerian government agencies (CBN, NBS, Budget Office, DMO), and respected civil society organizations (BudgIT, TheCable, SBM Intelligence). Where official data is unavailable, we use World Bank modelled estimates or projections and clearly label them as such. Historical CPI scores prior to 2012 have been converted from the 0-10 scale to the current 0-100 scale for consistency.

Violence data for 2010-2022 is sourced from media reports and human rights organizations. The NBS Crime Experience Survey (2024) reports significantly higher figures than media-tracked datasets, reflecting underreporting in public records.

Exchange Rate

  • Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) IFEM ↗ Retrieved 2026-04-04 — Monthly average IFEM rates from CBN API. Used for 2010-Q1 to 2021-Q2.
  • fawazahmed0/currency-api ↗ Retrieved 2026-04-04 — Open-source exchange rate API via jsDelivr CDN. Used for 2024-Q2 to 2026-Q2. Market composite rate, not CBN official.
  • World Bank ↗ Retrieved 2026-04-04 — Annual averages (official rate). Used for annual data and gap-fill estimates.

Inflation

Government Debt

Federal Budget

  • Budget Office of the Federation ↗ Retrieved 2026-04-04 — Official source for Appropriation Acts. Publishes approved budgets, implementation reports, and citizen guides.
  • BudgIT ↗ — Civil society budget analysis. Publishes annual budget breakdowns, infographics, and state-level data.
  • Open Treasury ↗ — Government spending transparency portal. Shows daily treasury disbursements and MDA allocations.

Fuel Prices

  • National Bureau of Statistics ↗ Retrieved 2026-04-04 — NBS publishes monthly 'Selected Food Prices' and 'Petroleum Products Prices' reports. Check e-Library for latest datasets.
  • NNPC ↗ — Official pricing authority since deregulation. NNPC Retail posts pump prices.
  • PPPRA ↗ — Legacy pricing regulator (Petroleum Products Pricing Regulatory Agency). Functions absorbed into NMDPRA (Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority) in 2021.
  • BudgIT ↗ — Civil society tracker. Publishes fuel subsidy analysis reports.

Violence & Security

Government Officials

Last updated: April 4, 2026